初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第13季：第13季 句子成分，種類與結(jié)構(gòu)

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分，包括：主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

主語(yǔ)：

1，My room is big and clean（名詞）

2，This is all i want（代詞）

3，Three is enough for each of us（數(shù)詞）

4，The wounded were saved（名詞化形容詞）

5，To become a nurse is my wish（不定式）

6，Remembering so many new words is really hard（V-ing）

7，What we can't get seems better than what we have（從句）

謂語(yǔ)：表述主語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，中心詞是限定動(dòng)詞，有人稱，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)變化。

1，簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)（一個(gè)動(dòng)詞/短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）

·what happened last night？I heard lots of noise

·My father often comes back late

2，復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)（常見(jiàn)2種）

·Jeff can't come to the party（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）

·Our school becomes more beautiful and more famous（連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）

表語(yǔ)：與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，屬性，狀態(tài)，身份等。

1，He turend doctor after school（名詞）

2，You are many，but they are few（代詞）

3，I’m eighteen.（數(shù)詞）

4，He is very beautiful（形容詞）

5，She is interested in the film/the film is not interesting（V-ed和V-ing）

6，To see is to believe（不定式）

7，Is anybody in？（副詞）

8，My hometown is among mountains（介詞）

9，It was because he didn't pass the exam（從句）

賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式，從句等充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)有單賓語(yǔ)，雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等形式。

1，you can leave your pet with me while traveling（名詞）

2，How about you？（代詞）

3，if you put 5 and 7 together，you’ll get 12.（數(shù)詞）

4，We should help the poor（名詞化的形容詞）

5，Remember to tell him to come/i'm thinking about when to start my new job（不定式/疑問(wèn)詞+不定式）

6，Please stop making noise（V-ing）

7，Do you understand what I mean？（從句）

補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞除需要賓語(yǔ)外，還需要有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這樣句子意義才完整，賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，這是判斷賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要依據(jù)。含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

1，We all find him funny(形容詞）

2，Will you please invite all of them in?(副詞）

3，He was once again found wandering along the city street（V-ing）

定語(yǔ)：描述名詞或代詞的修飾語(yǔ)，常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)，分前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)兩種。

1，前置定語(yǔ)

·They had a wonderful time yesterday（形容詞）

·Put some milk into this glass（代詞）

·She cut the cake into two pieces（數(shù)詞）

·this is a stone table and hard enough to hold the load of goods（名詞）

·Put the child into the sleeping bag（V-ing）

2，后置定語(yǔ)

·I have got something interesting to tell everyone（形容詞）

·the buildings around were badly damaged in the fire（副詞）

·the books on the top shelf were just bought（介詞短語(yǔ)）

·Let's try another way to do this（不定式）

狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等的句子成分。表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，比較，程度，目的，結(jié)果，條件，原因，讓步等。充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的有副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，V-ing，V-ed，形容詞以及從句等。

Arriving there，remember to call me up（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

Don't step on the grass，for it is growing（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）

He speaks Englihs very fast（方式狀語(yǔ)）

We live to work not work to live（目的狀語(yǔ)）

If it snows，we will build a snowman（條件狀語(yǔ)）

Not knowing the road，I lost my way（原因狀語(yǔ)）

同位語(yǔ)：對(duì)句子某一成分作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，與前面的名詞，代詞等在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分。常常被置于被補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的詞之后，可由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞和從句等充當(dāng)。

1，We have two foreign teachers，a Canadian and an American（名詞）

2，They each can get a chance to travel by air（代詞）

3，Are you three ready to start out？（數(shù)詞）

4，The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow（從句）

獨(dú)立成分：與句子沒(méi)有關(guān)系或關(guān)系不密切，獨(dú)立于句子之外的成分。感嘆詞，稱呼語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)時(shí)英語(yǔ)種常見(jiàn)的3種獨(dú)立成分。

1，Well，I think it's a good idea anyway（感嘆詞）

2，Look out，John！There's a car running over！（稱呼語(yǔ)）

3，This is the best chance，I think，that you can win（插入語(yǔ)）

句子種類：按照使用目的和交際功能可分為陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句和感嘆句

陳述句：敘述一件事情或表明說(shuō)話人的看法，態(tài)度等，句尾用句號(hào)，一般讀作降調(diào)。

1，陳述句的肯定形式（2種語(yǔ)序）

·I know you will come whatever difficulty you might come across（正常語(yǔ)序）

·Here comes the bus full of children from the US!（倒裝語(yǔ)序）

2，陳述句的否定形式

·I am not good at Chinese（be動(dòng)詞+not）

·I have not heard the latest news（助動(dòng)詞+not）

·She cannot play the piano well（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not）

·We don't go to school on Sundays（Do/does+not）

·I have never been to China（表否定意義的詞no/never/seldom/hardly/nobody等）

疑問(wèn)句：

1，一般疑問(wèn)句（對(duì)某一情況的“是”“否”提出疑問(wèn)的句子叫一般疑問(wèn)句，通常用yes或no來(lái)回答）

·Are your parents doctors？（be+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)...？）

·Did you enjoy yourself in our city？（助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)...?)

·Is her sister doing her homework now？(be+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞...?)

·Can you bring me some apples？（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)...?）

答語(yǔ)：一般疑問(wèn)句一般用yes或no來(lái)回答，也可以用其他表示肯定或否定的詞回答，如certainly，surely，of course，I think so，all right，certainly not，not at all，never，sorry，not yet，I’m afraid not等。

省略形式的一般疑問(wèn)句（在非正式問(wèn)題中，常用一般疑問(wèn)句的省略形式）：

·Anything the matter？出了什么問(wèn)題嗎？

·In trouble？

·Want some coffee？

·Got any news？

·Need a hand？

注意：

在拒絕要請(qǐng)時(shí)，一般不直接說(shuō)no，而需講明原因：

·Could you come to tea on Sunday?--That’s very nice of you, but I’m afraid...

回答否定句式的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)事實(shí)情況作答并保持“yes+肯定句”和“no+否定句”的一致，yes譯成“不”，no譯成“是”：

·Haven't you been to England？--No，I haven't是的，沒(méi)去過(guò)/Yes，I have不，我去過(guò)。

2，特殊疑問(wèn)句（就句中某一部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句）：

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（+主語(yǔ)）+其他？

·Where were you at that time？

·When did you arrive there？

·How can you do that？

·Which song do you like better？

·What does your father do？

·Who is that girl？

·What is flying in the sky？

·Whose bike is this？

答語(yǔ)：要根據(jù)特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)確定，不用yes或no，回答時(shí)可以用一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也可以用一個(gè)完整的句子

·What is your brother doing？--Watering the flowers/He is watering the flowers

3，選擇疑問(wèn)句（對(duì)問(wèn)題提出兩個(gè)或以上的答案，供對(duì)方選擇其一。這種疑問(wèn)句有2種形式，一是以一般疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)，另一種以特殊疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)，選擇部分用or鏈接，答語(yǔ)必須是完整的句子或省略形式，不能用yes或no）

·Is your mother a teacher or a doctor？--She is a doctor

·Would you like chicken，beef or pork？--beef

·Do you go to school by bike or on foot---on foot

4，反意疑問(wèn)句（在陳述句后福建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，提出對(duì)前面陳述句所陳述事情的肯定或否定的意見(jiàn)，或希望事實(shí)得到證實(shí)。需遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原則，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)均需與陳述部分一致，且主語(yǔ)用人稱代詞）

·This magazine is yours，isn't it？這本雜志是你的，不是嗎？

·Lucy often goes to the theatre，doesn't she？路西經(jīng)常去看戲，不是嗎？

·He doesn't like his job，does he？他不喜歡他的工作，是嗎？

·He is not good at playing the violin，is she？他不擅長(zhǎng)拉小提琴，是嗎？

答語(yǔ)：不管反義疑問(wèn)句前的陳述句是肯定還是否定，回答都要根據(jù)事實(shí)情況，保持“yes+肯定句”和“no+否定句”的一致。陳述部分為否定形式，疑問(wèn)部分為肯定形式的反義疑問(wèn)句答語(yǔ)，yes譯作“不，no譯作”是“

·She can speak French，can't she？她會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，是不是？

--Yes，she can是，她會(huì)/No，She can't不，她不會(huì)

·You didn't attend the conference，did you？你沒(méi)參加會(huì)議，是吧？

--No，I didn't是的，我沒(méi)參加/Yes，I did不，我參加了

陳述句的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞no one，none，nobody，everyone，someone，everybody，somebody等時(shí)，其附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)全部時(shí)可用they，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)常用he。

·No one phoned me while I was out，did they？

·Everyone is having a good time，aren't they？

·Someone is expecting you，isn't he？

陳述句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)復(fù)合不定代詞everything，anything，something，nothing等時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it

·Everything goes well with you，doesn't it？

·Nothing has been considered about this meeting，has it？

陳述句的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one，非正式場(chǎng)合用you

·One can't be too careful，can one/you？我們必須十分小心，對(duì)吧？

陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞，即this/that后相應(yīng)用it；these/those后相應(yīng)用they。

·That was a hundred years ago，wasn't it？

·those are yours，aren't they？

陳述句為there be句型時(shí)，其后的附加問(wèn)句仍用there：

·There will be a special exhibition tomorrow，won’t there?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法，應(yīng)由它在陳述句中的意義在確定

陳述句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞可用used也可用did

·She used to study in Russia，usedn't/didn't she？

陳述句中由had better時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用hadn't或shouldn't：

·You'd better remain calm when in danger，hadn't/shouldn't you？

陳述句中由have to 時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞不用have，而應(yīng)與陳述句中的助動(dòng)詞一致：

·We have to get up at four tomorrow，don't we？

·You will have to wait for him，won't you？

陳述句中帶有no，never，nothing，nowhere，rarely，hardly，seldom，few，little等表否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句一般用肯定式；如陳述部分只是用了帶否定詞綴的派生詞helpless，hopeless，useless，unable，unfair等，附加問(wèn)句用否定式：

·You have never read this book，have you？

·You dislike playing the piano，don't you？

肯定祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句一般用will you或won't you：

·Leave all the things as they are，will you/won't you？

以Let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句要用shall we；而以Let us/Let me開(kāi)頭的祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)用will you？

·Let's try another way，shall we？

·Let us/me have a try，will you？

否定祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句除了用will you外，也可用can you：

·Don't make much noise，will you/can you？

陳述句如果式并列句，附加問(wèn)句與鄰近的分句一致：

Bob speaks English，but his wife speaks German，doesn't she？

陳述句如是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，附加問(wèn)句一般要與主句一致；如陳述部分是“i'm sure，i'm afraid，i don't think（suppose，expect，imagine，believe等）+賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句一致，單要主語(yǔ)陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象：

·He said that Mary was late for the lecture，didn't he？

·I’m sure that our experiment will succeed,won’t it?

·I don't think she can finish it on own，can she？

祈使句：表請(qǐng)求或命令的句子叫祈使句，無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的詞形變化，用動(dòng)詞原形。

1，第二人稱祈使句（通常省略主語(yǔ)）

·Be sure to come on time請(qǐng)務(wù)必按時(shí)來(lái)

·Don't ever do that again！請(qǐng)不要再做那樣的事了！

注意：有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)知名向誰(shuí)提出要求或命令，主語(yǔ)也可表示出來(lái)，這時(shí)，主語(yǔ)需重讀。

·You，close the window！你，關(guān)上窗戶！

·Do be careful next time下次務(wù)必小心

2，第一/三人稱祈使句（通常以let開(kāi)頭）

·Let me tell you the answer if you can't work it out

·Let’s have a rest

·Don't let anyone disturb you

·Let the children not make much noise

3，其他形式的祈使句

·No entry禁止入內(nèi)

·No parking禁止停車

·No smoking禁止吸煙

·Out with it！說(shuō)出來(lái)吧！

·Beg your pardon請(qǐng)?jiān)?/p>

感嘆句：表喜怒哀樂(lè)等感情的句子，一般用how或what引導(dǎo)，how作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞，副詞或句子；what作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞（名詞前可有形容詞或冠詞）：

1，how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：

·How beautiful a place it is多漂亮的地方啊！

·How surprising it is that you should not know what has happend

·How much I wish to join the football club！

·How you are working！你工作真賣力！

2，what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：

·What a beautiful place it is！

·What interesting books you've bought us！

·What great fun surfing on the Internet is！

注意：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾并且在句中不作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用what引導(dǎo)

·What good news it is！? How good news it is?

·What great changes we have had these years ? How great changes we have had...?

陳述句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞可用used也可用did

·She used to study in Russia，usedn't/didn't she？

陳述句中由had better時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用hadn't或shouldn't：

·You'd better remain calm when in danger，hadn't/shouldn't you？

陳述句中由have to 時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的動(dòng)詞不用have，而應(yīng)與陳述句中的助動(dòng)詞一致：

·We have to get up at four tomorrow，don't we？

·You will have to wait for him，won't you？

陳述句中帶有no，never，nothing，nowhere，rarely，hardly，seldom，few，little等表否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句一般用肯定式；如陳述部分只是用了帶否定詞綴的派生詞helpless，hopeless，useless，unable，unfair等，附加問(wèn)句用否定式：

·You have never read this book，have you？

·You dislike playing the piano，don't you？

肯定祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句一般用will you或won't you：

·Leave all the things as they are，will you/won't you？

以Let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句要用shall we；而以Let us/Let me開(kāi)頭的祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)用will you？

·Let's try another way，shall we？

·Let us/me have a try，will you？

否定祈使句后面的附加問(wèn)句除了用will you外，也可用can you：

·Don't make much noise，will you/can you？

陳述句如果式并列句，附加問(wèn)句與鄰近的分句一致：

Bob speaks English，but his wife speaks German，doesn't she？

陳述句如是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，附加問(wèn)句一般要與主句一致；如陳述部分是“i'm sure，i'm afraid，i don't think（suppose，expect，imagine，believe等）+賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句一致，單要主語(yǔ)陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象：

·He said that Mary was late for the lecture，didn't he？

·I’m sure that our experiment will succeed,won’t it?

·I don't think she can finish it on own，can she？

祈使句：表請(qǐng)求或命令的句子叫祈使句，無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的詞形變化，用動(dòng)詞原形。

1，第二人稱祈使句（通常省略主語(yǔ)）

·Be sure to come on time請(qǐng)務(wù)必按時(shí)來(lái)

·Don't ever do that again！請(qǐng)不要再做那樣的事了！

注意：有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)知名向誰(shuí)提出要求或命令，主語(yǔ)也可表示出來(lái)，這時(shí)，主語(yǔ)需重讀。

·You，close the window！你，關(guān)上窗戶！

·Do be careful next time下次務(wù)必小心

2，第一/三人稱祈使句（通常以let開(kāi)頭）

·Let me tell you the answer if you can't work it out

·Let’s have a rest

·Don't let anyone disturb you

·Let the children not make much noise

3，其他形式的祈使句

·No entry禁止入內(nèi)

·No parking禁止停車

·No smoking禁止吸煙

·Out with it！說(shuō)出來(lái)吧！

·Beg your pardon請(qǐng)?jiān)?/p>

感嘆句：表喜怒哀樂(lè)等感情的句子，一般用how或what引導(dǎo)，how作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞，副詞或句子；what作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞（名詞前可有形容詞或冠詞）：

1，how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：

·How beautiful a place it is多漂亮的地方?。?/p>

·How surprising it is that you should not know what has happend

·How much I wish to join the football club！

·How you are working！你工作真賣力！

2，what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：

·What a beautiful place it is！

·What interesting books you've bought us！

·What great fun surfing on the Internet is！

注意：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾并且在句中不作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用what引導(dǎo)

·What good news it is！? How good news it is?

·What great changes we have had these years ? How great changes we have had...?

3，其他形式的感嘆句

·They are so hard-working?。愂鼍浔硎靖星闀r(shí)，句尾用感嘆號(hào)）

·Am I happy to see you right here！（疑問(wèn)句表感情時(shí)，句尾用感嘆號(hào)）

·Stop talking?。ㄆ硎咕洌?/p>

·Ah，that's what I need?。ň涫子懈袊@詞的句子）

·Hurrah！好哇/ Good idea！好主意/For shame！真羞愧?。ǜ袊@詞和短語(yǔ)本身）

句子結(jié)構(gòu)

按此劃分，有3種：簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句。

簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)），句子各個(gè)成分都是由單詞和短語(yǔ)表示。

1，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)...(S+V...)

·Birds fly

·Birds fly high in the sky

·The birds are flying over the river

·He sits in the back row

2，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O)

·My father studies history

·I put the newspapers on the table

·Everybody made fun of him

·She only wants one

3，主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（S+V+P)

·Tom is very happy today

·It was hard to stay awake

·The cloth feels soft

· He seems sad

·The weather is becoming warmer

·They've just got married

·The poor old man went mad

·He fell ill

4，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（S+V+Oi +Od）

·His hobby has brought him enjoyment

·Will you please pass me the book on the desk？

·I’ll find you a good chance

·My parents bought me a nice Christmas present

·Will you sing us a song？

5，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（S+V+O+C...)

·I don't want you to work too hard

·We all call the baby Sara

·Will you ask Mary to help us？

·I can hear someone playing the violin next door

·Nobody noticed the office broken into

·He showed the guests in

并列句：有2個(gè)或多個(gè)相互并列的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。并列句種各個(gè)分句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。

·Tom is not only a good basketball player，but also（he is）a good football player

·He didn't come yesterday，for he was ill

·Nancy is a secretary and she works in an office

·Julie must work hard，or she cannot go to the famous Harvard University

1，相同種類的并列分句（2個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的分句都是陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句或感嘆句等）

·It is a fine day and I want to go to the park

·When will you arrive and what do you want to do here？

·Take your bag away and go out right now

·What a clever boy he is and how handsome he is！

2，不同種類的并列分句

·What a fine day today and I am very happy

復(fù)合句：由1個(gè)主語(yǔ)和1個(gè)或多個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是主干，從句是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的某個(gè)成分的，從句在主句種可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，并于，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。

·What he did made his mother angry（主語(yǔ)從句）

·Parents shouldn't give their children whatever they want（賓語(yǔ)從句）

·This is because you are too careless（表語(yǔ)從句）

·A doctor is a person who looks after people's health（定語(yǔ)從句）

·Check all your answers before you turn in your papers（狀語(yǔ)從句）

簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

1，簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句的轉(zhuǎn)換

·Tom is too young to go to school = Tom is very young and he can't go to school（簡(jiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)并：簡(jiǎn)單句的某個(gè)短語(yǔ)變并列句的分句）

·She got up very early to meet her parents at the station = She wanted to meet her parents at the station，so she got up very early（簡(jiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)并：簡(jiǎn)單句的某個(gè)短語(yǔ)變并列句的分句）

·The football match has to be delayed，for it is raining heavily = The football match has to be delayed because of the heavy rain（并轉(zhuǎn)簡(jiǎn)：并列句種的分句變成簡(jiǎn)單句中的短語(yǔ)）

·He wanted to become a college student，so she studied hard = He studied hard so as to become a college student/To become a college student，He studied hard（并轉(zhuǎn)簡(jiǎn)：并列句種的分句變成簡(jiǎn)單句中的短語(yǔ)）

2，并列句和復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換

·I have to study harder，or I shall not catch up with my classmates = I have to study harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates / If I don't study harder，I shall not catch up with my classmates（并轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)：分句轉(zhuǎn)從句，并列連詞轉(zhuǎn)從屬連詞）

·Though he is very young，he knows a lot about science = He is very young，but he knows a lot about science（復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)并：從句變分句）

·If we don't start off early，we'll be late for the first bus = Start off early，or we'll be late for the first bus（復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)并：從句變分句）