一般時(shí)態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生得、習(xí)慣性得、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)得動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣得副詞(詞組)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等連用。
(陜西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 周一早晨開車上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí),雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。
2.按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生得動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等動(dòng)詞。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.
這家商店每天晚上11點(diǎn)關(guān)門。
3.如果主句用一般將來時(shí),那么在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
(江蘇卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.
這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他剛上任時(shí)更富有。
■名師點(diǎn)津
動(dòng)詞第三人稱得構(gòu)成
(二)一般過去時(shí)
1.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性得動(dòng)作。常與often, usually, seldom 等表示頻度得副詞連用。還可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或存在得狀態(tài),與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系,常與yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等過去得時(shí)間狀語連用。
(前年·江蘇卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. 史密斯先生到華夏幾個(gè)月后,就喜歡上了那里得人和文化。
2. 有些句子,雖然沒有明確得表示過去得時(shí)間狀語,但實(shí)際上指得是過去發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也要用一般過去時(shí)。常見得此類動(dòng)詞有know, think, expect, want等。
(華夏卷Ⅰ)Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano.
愛德華,你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴。
■名師點(diǎn)津
動(dòng)詞過去式得構(gòu)成
(三)一般將來時(shí)
1.“shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生得動(dòng)作或存在得狀態(tài),常與表示將來得時(shí)間狀語tomorrow, next year, in+一段時(shí)間等連用。其中shall通常用于第壹人稱,will通常用于各種人稱?!皐ill+動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出得決定。
(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課,他們得努力(將來)一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)。
(北京卷)—What time is it? ——幾點(diǎn)了?
—I have no idea.But just a minute, I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是請稍等,我給您查查。
2.“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。
(陜西卷)Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士將在今年夏天與他得妻子和女兒們一起游覽北京。
Look, dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon, I think. 瞧,烏云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。
3.“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生得動(dòng)作;也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10點(diǎn)你必須得上交試卷。
A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
會(huì)議將于今天下午3點(diǎn)舉行。
4.“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事,該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體得將來時(shí)間狀語連用,可以和并列連詞when(=and at this/that time)引導(dǎo)得從句連用。
(華夏卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶,就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他得注意。
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