視頻加載中...
Hi, I'm Oli. Welcome to Oxford online English!
嗨，我是奧利。歡迎使用牛津大學(xué)在線英語(yǔ)課程！
In this lesson, you can learn how to improve your vocabulary score in IELTS writing.
在本課中，你將學(xué)習(xí)如何提升你在雅思寫(xiě)作中的詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)。
Do you need an IELTS score of seven or higher?
你是否需要雅思成績(jī)達(dá)到7分或更高？
Many people find it difficult to get scores above band six or 6. 5. Often, this is because people have bad habits or they don't clearly understand how the IELTS exam works.
許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難拿到六或者是六點(diǎn)五分。通常是因?yàn)槿藗冇胁涣剂?xí)慣，或他們不清楚雅思考試到底是怎么一回事。
If you're preparing for IELTS, check out our website: Oxford online English. com. We have many free video and audio lessons, as well as many professional teachers who can help you prepare for your IELTS exam.
如果你正在準(zhǔn)備雅思考試的話，請(qǐng)查看我們的網(wǎng)站：Oxford online English.com。我們有許多免費(fèi)的視頻和音頻課程，以及許多專業(yè)老師可以幫助你為雅思考試做準(zhǔn)備。
In this lesson, you'll see some common mistakes which IELTS students make which can hurt your vocabulary score.
在本節(jié)課程中，你會(huì)看到一些準(zhǔn)備雅思的學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的會(huì)影響詞匯方面分?jǐn)?shù)的錯(cuò)誤。
You'll also see how you can change your approach to the IELTS writing exam to get a better score for vocabulary.
你還將看到如何改變自己的雅思寫(xiě)作考試方法，來(lái)得到更高的詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)。
Before we start, I really, really recommend you read the official IELTS score scheme from the British Council, and see what it says about vocabulary.
在開(kāi)始之前，我真的、真的非常建議你閱讀一下官方的雅思考試打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，看看它在詞匯方面是怎么說(shuō)的。
There's a link underneath the video.
視頻下方有一個(gè)鏈接。
There's a lot of confusion and bad advice about IELTS, but actually, the score scheme is quite simple.
這里有很多關(guān)于雅思的困惑和不好的建議，但是實(shí)際上打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是非常簡(jiǎn)單的。
Let's start with the most important point.
讓我們從最重要的一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
There's one really big mistake which many IELTS students make with vocabulary: they put words before ideas.
很多雅思學(xué)生在詞匯方面都會(huì)犯一個(gè)很大的錯(cuò)誤：他們把詞匯的重要性擺在了內(nèi)容的前面。
There are many videos and websites which promise to teach you "100 essential IELTS words", or "300 words for band 8", or whatever.
有很多視頻和網(wǎng)站承諾教你“100個(gè)雅思必備詞匯”，或“八分的300個(gè)單詞”等等的。
So, maybe you watch these videos, and you read these vocabulary lists, and you try to learn them.
也許你觀看了這些視頻，你看了這些詞匯表，你試著去學(xué)習(xí)它們。
Then, you use the words and phrases in your IELTS writing.
然后，你會(huì)在自己的雅思寫(xiě)作中使用這樣單詞和詞組。
Sounds normal, right?
聽(tīng)起來(lái)很正常，對(duì)吧？
What's the problem?
有什么問(wèn)題嗎？
The problem is that natural communication doesn't work like that.
問(wèn)題是自然的交流并不是這樣的。
You don't learn a word and think, "I'm going to use this word in this conversation." IELTS is a test of your communication skills in English.
你并不是學(xué)了一個(gè)詞然后想：“我要在這次對(duì)話中使用這個(gè)詞?！毖潘伎荚囀菍?duì)你英語(yǔ)溝通技巧的測(cè)試。
Of course, you need a good vocabulary to communicate, but communication depends primarily on ideas, not words.
當(dāng)然，你需要良好的詞匯量進(jìn)行交流，但交流主要取決于想法，而不是詞匯。
Words express your ideas.
詞匯是用來(lái)表達(dá)你的想法的。
Using a word or a phrase without an idea behind it is empty; it's meaningless.
使用沒(méi)有任何想法的單詞或短語(yǔ)是很空洞的，是很沒(méi)有意義的。
So, what can you do here?
那么，你能做什么呢？
First, spend more time thinking and planning before you write, even in the exam.
首先，在寫(xiě)作之前，甚至是在考試中，都要花更多時(shí)間思考和計(jì)劃。
Yes, I know you're under a lot of time pressure, but you need this.
是的，我知道你有時(shí)間壓力，但是你需要如此。
If you don't have a clear idea in your head, you can't write a clear answer.
如果你的腦子里沒(méi)有清晰的想法的話，你就無(wú)法給出明確的答案。
Secondly, instead of learning lists of vocabulary that you might not need, just learn the words, phrases and collocations you need to express your ideas.
其次，不去學(xué)習(xí)你不需要的詞匯，只去學(xué)習(xí)那些表達(dá)想法的時(shí)候需要用到的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和固定表達(dá)。
Practice writing regularly, and learn vocabulary by learning the words and phrases you need when you need them.
定期練習(xí)寫(xiě)作，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)那些你需要的單詞和表達(dá)來(lái)提升詞匯能力。
However, this isn't a practical point; it's about how you think.
但是，這是不切實(shí)際的；這只是你的想法。
If you think words come before ideas, you'll struggle with IELTS writing, especially task two.
如果你認(rèn)為單詞優(yōu)先于想法，那么你在雅思考試中非常掙扎，尤其是任務(wù)二。
You need to put ideas first, words second.
你需要將想法放在首位，將詞匯放在第二位。
In my experience, IELTS students are terrified of repeating the same words and phrases in their writing.
以我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，雅思學(xué)生很害怕在寫(xiě)作中重復(fù)相同的單詞和短語(yǔ)。
I made some videos where I wrote sample IELTS answers, and a lot of comments said things like, "You used the same word three times!
我拍了一些視頻，在這些視頻中，我寫(xiě)了一些雅思考試答案范本，很多評(píng)論都說(shuō)：“你相同的單詞使用了3次！
You suck!
你太差了！
We hate you!" Okay, maybe they didn't exactly say that; I'm paraphrasing.
我們討厭你！”好吧，也許他們并不是這么說(shuō)的；我是在轉(zhuǎn)述。
So, I'm going to be repetitive here.
所以，我要在這里重復(fù)一下。
I'm going to say something I've said many, many times before: read the scoring scheme.
我要說(shuō)我之前已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)很多次的事情：閱讀打分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Go do it right now.
現(xiàn)在就去做。
Read the descriptors for band seven.
閱讀七分的描述。
What's the first point?
第一點(diǎn)是什么？
You need to use vocabulary 'with flexibility and precision'.
你需要“靈活精確”地使用詞匯。
Think about that word: 'precision'.
考慮一下“精確”這個(gè)詞。
That means you use the right word in the right place to express your idea.
這意味著你在正確的地方使用正確的詞來(lái)表達(dá)你的想法。
Here's what a lot of students do when they write: One: they think, "Argh! I can't use the same word twice, or I'll get a lower score!" Two: they try to find a 'synonym'.
這是很多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候會(huì)這么做：一：他們會(huì)想：“??！我不能使用相同的單詞兩次，否則我的得分會(huì)更低！”二：他們?cè)噲D找到一個(gè)“同義詞”。
This is a problem, because there are very few true synonyms in English.
這是個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中的同義詞少之又少。
Many words which you might think are synonyms are not exactly the same.
你可能認(rèn)為很多單詞是同義詞，但是其實(shí)并不是完全一樣的。
Three: they use a word which is close to the right meaning, but not exactly right.
第三：他們使用和正確的意思類似的詞匯，但是不完全正確。
Four: they get band six for vocabulary because they aren't using vocabulary with precision.
四：他們的詞匯方面只能拿到六分，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有精確地使用詞匯。
I see this all the time when teaching IELTS writing.
我在教授雅思寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候總是會(huì)看到這樣。
So, what should you do?
那你該怎么辦呢？
First, read the score scheme again.
首先，再次閱讀評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
It doesn't even mention repetition in the vocabulary band descriptions, except for band four, and I guarantee that 99. 9% of you watching this video would not get band four for vocabulary.
在詞匯得分描述中甚至沒(méi)有提到重復(fù)這件事，除了四分，我保證99.9%看這個(gè)視頻的觀眾詞匯方面并不會(huì)只拿四分。
Next, if there's a key idea in the task, accept that you might need to refer to it several times.
接下來(lái)，如果任務(wù)中有關(guān)鍵思想的話，接受你可能需要提到它很多次這件事。
For example, the essay I wrote in our other video was about communication, and many people said that I used the word 'communication' too many times.
例如，我在另一個(gè)視頻中寫(xiě)的文章是關(guān)于交流的，很多人說(shuō)我用“溝通”這個(gè)詞太多次了。
But here's the thing: there's no other word which has the same meaning as 'communication'.
但是事情是這樣的：沒(méi)有別的與“交流”意思一樣的詞匯了。
If you're writing an essay about communication, you'll need to repeat the word.
如果你要撰寫(xiě)有關(guān)交流的文章，你需要重復(fù)使用這個(gè)詞。
The same is true for many other things.
其他很多方面也是如此。
If you're writing an essay about air pollution, you'll need to use the words 'air pollution'.
如果你要撰寫(xiě)有關(guān)空氣污染的文章，你需要使用“空氣污染”一詞。
You can't avoid that, and it's not a problem.
你無(wú)法避免這種情況，這不是個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Many students here would try to use a different phrase.
很多學(xué)生會(huì)嘗試使用不同的短語(yǔ)。
For example, instead of 'air pollution', they might say 'smog', 'exhaust fumes', 'impurities in the atmosphere', or something like that.
例如，他們會(huì)說(shuō)“煙霧”、“廢氣”、“大氣中的雜質(zhì)”之類的東西，而不是“空氣污染”。
But, none of these have the same meaning as 'air pollution'.
但是，這些和“空氣污染”的意思并不是一樣的。
If you change the word, very often, you're changing the meaning.
如果改變了用詞的話，很經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況是，你會(huì)改變意思。
If you don't realise this, then your words won't fit your ideas, and then you get band six maximum for vocabulary.
如果你沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，那么你的詞匯和你的想法并不匹配，然后你的詞匯方面最多拿到六分。
To be clear, if you're repeating words and phrases a lot, then that is a problem, but probably not a vocabulary problem.
說(shuō)得再清楚一點(diǎn)，如果你很經(jīng)常重復(fù)詞匯或者是短語(yǔ)的話，那這就是問(wèn)題了，但這可能不是詞匯問(wèn)題。
It could be that your ideas are repetitive, or your structure is disorganized, or that you don't know how to use referencing to avoid repetition.
你的想法可能是重復(fù)的，或者你的結(jié)構(gòu)是混亂的，或者你不知道如何使用引用來(lái)避免重復(fù)。
However, these points affect your coherence and cohesion score; they aren't part of your vocabulary score.
但是，這些點(diǎn)會(huì)影響的是你的連貫性和一致性得分；它們不是詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)的組成部分。
So, let's review the most important points from this section: First, stop thinking about synonyms.
因此，讓我們回顧一下本節(jié)課最重要的觀點(diǎn)：首先，不要去思考同義詞。
Choose the word or phrase which fits your idea most precisely.
選擇和你想法最匹配的單詞或短語(yǔ)。
Second, accept that key words and phrases will need to be repeated to some extent.
其次，接受關(guān)鍵詞和短語(yǔ)在某種程度上需要重復(fù)的這件事。
It's not a problem to use the same phrase more than once if it's a central part of the task.
使用相同的短語(yǔ)不止一次并不是問(wèn)題，如果這是任務(wù)的中心部分的話。
Let's look at our next point.
讓我們看下一點(diǎn)。
Here are some ideas we often see online, or hear from our IELTS students: "I need more academic vocabulary." "I need more advanced vocabulary." "I need more idiomatic vocabulary." This causes problems.
以下是我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上看到或者是經(jīng)常從我們的雅思學(xué)生中聽(tīng)到的一些想法：“我需要更多的學(xué)術(shù)詞匯?！薄拔倚枰呒?jí)的詞匯?！薄拔倚枰鄳T用語(yǔ)。”這會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題。
First, and I've said this so many times that I'm boring myself, but it's crucial so I'll say it again: read the scoring scheme.
首先，我已經(jīng)說(shuō)了很多遍了，甚至我自己都覺(jué)得很沒(méi)意思了，但這很關(guān)鍵，所以我再說(shuō)一遍：閱讀評(píng)分方案。
Does it talk about 'academic vocabulary'?
它有提到“學(xué)術(shù)詞匯”嗎？
No.
沒(méi)有。
Does it talk about 'advanced vocabulary'?
它有說(shuō)“高級(jí)詞匯”嗎？
No.
沒(méi)有。
Why not?
為什么沒(méi)有呢？
Because those things don't exist.
因?yàn)槟切〇|西并不存在。
Serious linguists don't talk about 'advanced vocabulary', because it isn't real.
嚴(yán)格的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家不會(huì)談?wù)摗案呒?jí)詞匯”，因?yàn)檫@并不是真的。
Words are just words.
詞匯只是詞匯罷了。
They have meanings, and you use them to express your ideas.
它們具有含義，你可以用它們來(lái)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
That's it.
就是這樣。
One word is like another word.
一個(gè)詞就像另一個(gè)詞。
It's not complicated.
并不復(fù)雜。
So, what's the point here?
所以這里的關(guān)鍵是什么呢？
Many IELTS students use specific words or phrases because they think that they're 'academic' or 'advanced', and they think that this will get a higher score.
許多雅思考試學(xué)生會(huì)使用特定的單詞或短語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得這些短語(yǔ)是“學(xué)術(shù)”或“高級(jí)”，他們覺(jué)得他們會(huì)得到更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
However, if you do this, you're putting words before ideas, and that means you aren't using your vocabulary precisely, and that means it's very difficult to get band seven.
但是，如果你這樣做，你把詞匯放在觀點(diǎn)之前，那意味著沒(méi)有精準(zhǔn)地使用詞匯，也就意味著你很難拿到七分。
You do need to use some less common vocabulary to get band seven or higher, but you also need to use it well.
你確實(shí)需要使用一些不太常用的詞匯來(lái)得到七分或者更高的分?jǐn)?shù)，但你也需要很好地使用它。
Learning a word or phrase won't help unless you really understand how to use it.
除非你真的理解了如此使用一個(gè)單詞或者是短語(yǔ)，否則就是沒(méi)用的。
You need to understand exactly what a word or phrase means.
你需要確切地了解一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)的意思。
You need to know how to use collocations with the vocabulary you learn.
你需要知道如何使用你學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯的固定搭配。
For example, if you're writing a task two essay about diet, you'll need to know several collocations with the word 'diet'.
例如，如果你在寫(xiě)任務(wù)二的一個(gè)關(guān)于飲食的文章的話，你需要了解一些和“飲食”有關(guān)的搭配。
You also need control of register.
你也需要控制你的語(yǔ)境。
To get a high score for vocabulary, you need to write in a consistent, appropriate style.
要獲得詞匯高分，你需要以一致、適當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)格進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。
In general, IELTS students focus too much on learning new words and phrases, and not enough on using the words and phrases they know accurately.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，雅思考試的學(xué)生把太多的關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在了學(xué)習(xí)新單詞和短語(yǔ)，而不是使用那些他們準(zhǔn)確地了解的詞匯或短語(yǔ)。
We'll talk about how you can work on this in the last section, but before that, we have one more important point to cover.
在最后一部分中，我們將要討論你該如何在這方面努力，但在此之前，我們還有非常重要的一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)。
One of the biggest differences between band six and band seven in the IELTS writing exam is the quantity of errors you can make.
雅思寫(xiě)作考試六分和七分之間最大的區(qū)別之一是是你可以犯的錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量。
At band six, you can make quite a lot of mistakes, so long as your meaning is clear.
在六分的水平，你可以犯很多錯(cuò)誤，只要你的意思清楚就行。
For band seven, you can make 'occasional errors'.
而在七分的水平，你只能偶爾犯錯(cuò)。
For band eight, you can make 'rare errors'.
而到了八分，你很少犯錯(cuò)。
This is one of the major points which keeps IELTS students at band six.
這是讓很多雅思學(xué)生停留在六分的主要原因之一。
So, let's think: what counts as a vocabulary error?
所以，讓我們思考一下：什么才是詞匯錯(cuò)誤？
There are four possibilities: 1. You use the wrong word or phrase.
有四種可能性：1、你使用了錯(cuò)誤的單詞或短語(yǔ)。
2. You use an incorrect collocation.
2、您使用了不正確的搭配。
For example, if you're writing a task two essay about healthy eating and diet, and you say, 'take a diet', that would be a collocation error.
例如，如果你在寫(xiě)關(guān)于健康飲食的任務(wù)二，你說(shuō) take a diet，這就是一個(gè)搭配錯(cuò)誤。
You can 'follow a diet,' 'eat a healthy diet', 'have a good diet', and many others, but 'take a diet' isn't possible.
你可以說(shuō)：“遵照食譜”、“健康飲食”、“良好飲食”，還有很多其他的，但是 take a diet 是不行的。
3. You spell a word incorrectly.
3. 你犯了拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。
4. You form a word incorrectly.
4. 你的詞匯形式不正確。
For example, if you want to make a noun from the word 'overweight' and you write 'overweightness', that would be a word formation error.
比如說(shuō)，如果你想用“超重”一詞的名詞形式，然后你寫(xiě)成了“overweightness”， 那就是一個(gè)構(gòu)詞錯(cuò)誤。
There's no noun from the word 'overweight', by the way; you need to use a phrase with a gerund, like 'being overweight'.
順便說(shuō)一句，“超重”一詞沒(méi)有名詞，你需要使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)形式，比如說(shuō)：“是超重的”。
So, how can you reduce the number of errors you make?
因此，如何減少你犯的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)量呢？
Here, you probably need feedback from a professional teacher.
模擬可能需要專業(yè)老師的反饋。
If you make multiple mistakes, then you won't be aware of a lot of the mistakes you're making.
如果你犯的錯(cuò)誤很多的話，那么你不會(huì)意識(shí)到你犯的很多錯(cuò)誤。
Write essays or task one answers and look at the mistakes you make.
撰寫(xiě)一篇文章或者任務(wù)一答案的時(shí)候，看看你犯的錯(cuò)誤。
Sort your errors into these four types: choice of words, collocation, spelling or word formation.
將錯(cuò)誤分為以下四種類型：詞匯選擇、搭配、拼寫(xiě)或構(gòu)詞。
If you're making mistakes with one thing, for example, with spelling, do some study to find out why you're making these mistakes and try to correct them.
如果你在一個(gè)方面犯了錯(cuò)誤，比如說(shuō)拼寫(xiě)，那就試著去研究一下為什么會(huì)犯這些錯(cuò)誤，以及如何去改正它們。
Then, review your errors using a flashcard app like Anki.
然后，使用閃卡程序比如說(shuō) Anki 來(lái)回顧你的錯(cuò)誤。
This is a long process and you need patience; it will take a lot of work to reduce your errors.
這是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，你需要耐心；減少你的錯(cuò)誤將需要很多的努力。
However, if you want band seven or higher, it's necessary.
但是，如果你希望拿到七分或者是以上的話，這是必須的。
Make flashcard questions with your errors, and put the correct word or phrase as the answer.
用你的錯(cuò)誤作為閃卡問(wèn)題，然后把正確的詞匯或短語(yǔ)作為答案。
For example: Question: overweightness Answer: being overweight Even better, make flashcards with full sentences from your writing, like this: Question: Overweightness is a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke.
例如：?jiǎn)栴}：overweightness答案: being overweight更好的是，用你的寫(xiě)作中完整的句子來(lái)制作閃卡，比如說(shuō)：?jiǎn)栴}：超重是很多疾病的主要危險(xiǎn)因素，包括心血管疾病和中風(fēng)。
Answer: Being overweight is a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke.
答案：超重是很多疾病的主要危險(xiǎn)因素，包括心血管疾病和中風(fēng)。
Okay, now let's put all of this together and make a plan for you to improve your IELTS writing vocabulary score.
好的，現(xiàn)在讓我們將所有這些放在一起，并為你制定計(jì)劃，來(lái)提高你的雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯分?jǐn)?shù)。
Learning vocabulary for IELTS is just learning vocabulary.
學(xué)習(xí)雅思詞匯只是在學(xué)習(xí)詞匯而已。
You need to do the same things you would do to improve your English vocabulary generally.
你需要做與做和一般地提升你的詞匯水平的時(shí)候相同的事情。
That means: One: read regularly and widely.
這意味著：一：定期廣泛閱讀。
Read as much as you can, read things from different topics, written by different people, from different sources.
盡可能多地閱讀，閱讀不同的主題、由不同的人寫(xiě)的，來(lái)自于不同來(lái)源的內(nèi)容。
Two: learn vocabulary in phrases, collocations and sentences.
二：在詞組、搭配和句子中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯。
Learning a word in context is always more effective than trying to learn individual words.
在上下文中學(xué)習(xí)單詞總是比單個(gè)地學(xué)習(xí)更加有效的。
For the IELTS writing exam, you also need to write regularly.
對(duì)于雅思考試而言，你還需要定期寫(xiě)作。
You need to write practice answers and, ideally, get feedback from a professional teacher.
你需要寫(xiě)練習(xí)答案，理想情況下，獲得專業(yè)老師的反饋。
Finally, you need to track and review your vocabulary errors, as we said in the last section.
最后，你需要跟蹤并查看你的詞匯錯(cuò)誤，正如我們?cè)谧詈笠还?jié)所說(shuō)的那樣。
There's one important point about improving your vocabulary we haven't mentioned.
有一點(diǎn)關(guān)于提升詞匯的我們沒(méi)有提到。
You need time.
你需要時(shí)間。
You need lots of time.
你需要很多時(shí)間。
The average learner cannot change these things in a few weeks, and even in 2-3 months you can't make a big difference.
一般的學(xué)習(xí)者無(wú)法在短短幾周就改變這些事情，甚至2-3個(gè)月內(nèi)可能也沒(méi)有什么很大的改變。
Don't waste your time learning lists of 'essential IELTS words' or 'advanced IELTS vocabulary'.
不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)“關(guān)鍵雅思詞匯”或者是“高級(jí)雅思詞匯”清單。
You won't get a higher score by using a word or phrase that you memorised and don't know how to use.
使用你死記硬背但是不知道如何使用的單詞并不會(huì)讓你獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
If you're around band 5. 5 to 6. 5 and you need a score of seven or above, you need to do these things consistently over a long period of time to improve.
如果你的分?jǐn)?shù)介于5.5至6.5之間，但你需要七分或以上，你需要長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持地做這些事情來(lái)進(jìn)行提升。
You need to read, write, get feedback and review your errors, and you need to keep doing these things for months and months and months.
你需要閱讀、寫(xiě)作、獲取反饋并回顧你的錯(cuò)誤，你需要持續(xù)做數(shù)月。
That's how you get better.
這樣你才能變得更好。
Anyway, good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon, and thanks for watching!
總而言之，如果你馬上要參加雅思考試的話，祝你好遠(yuǎn)，感謝觀看！
